In Clinical Practice : Cardiovascular Risk Management

di Waring • 2006 • dettagli prodotto

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DESCRIZIONE

For many years, individual cardiovascular risk factors have been dealt with in isolation, often by specialists with an interest in one particular risk factor, for example hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia. There has recently been a move to emphasise the importance of reducing global cardiovascular risk, which requires clinicians to address any one of a number of different risk factors. The interplay between these various factors is important in our understanding of development of cardiovascular disease and, similarly, the synergistic effects of targeting different risk factors is important in risk reduction. This text provides a comprehensive and up-to-date review of modern cardiovascular risk management. It belongs to the ‘In Clinical Practice’ series, which incorporate multiple illustrations using novel and effective formats. Data are frequently presented as bullet point lists or tables so that the key information is clearly available. The emphasis is on overall cardiovascular risk reduction throughout, with integration of lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. ContentsINTRODUCTION Epidemiology Morbidity Financial impact CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE PREVENTION Risk factors for cardiovascular disease Overall cardiovascular risk prediction Summary LIFESTYLE Impact of lifestyle on cardiovascular risk factors Dietary supplements Implementing lifestyle changes Conclusion SMOKING CESSATION Induction of a hypercoagulable state Reduction tissue oxygen delivery Haemodynamic effects Endothelial dysfunction Benefits of smoking cessation Nicotine replacement therapy Bupropion Combined nicotine replacement therapy and bupropion OBESITY DIABETES MELLITUS Epidemiology Financial burden of diabetes Diabetes as a cardiovascular risk factor Early detection of diabetes by screening Assessing cardiovascular risk and prognosis Microalbuminuria Diabetic nephropathy Need for specialist intervention Summary DYSLIPIDAEMIA Dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular risk Prevalence of dyslipidaemia Definition and diagnosis of dyslipidaemia Reducing the risk Conclusions HYPERTENSION Definition of hypertension Prevalence of hypertension Measurement of blood pressure Making a clinical diagnosis of hypertension Pathogenesis of hypertension Initial assessment in hypertension Treatment of hypertension Postural hypotension Need for specialist intervention Importance of hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor in diabetes Hypertension in patients with renal disease Hypertension in obese patients Conclusions ANTIPLATELET THERAPY Dual antiplatelet therapy PATIENT ISSUES AND COMPLIANCE CONCLUSION