Neurochemical Aspects of Neurotraumatic and Neurodegenerative Diseases

di Farooqui • 2010 • dettagli prodotto

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DESCRIZIONE

Neurotraumatic (stroke, spinal cord trauma, and traumatic head injury) and neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Huntington disease, and prion disease) are afflicting aging Americans with increasing frequency. These diseases result in acute, as well as gradual and progressive neurodegeneration, leading to brain dysfunction. Known risk factors for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases include increasing age, genetic polymorphisms, endocrine dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, infection, and exposure to neurotoxins. In contrast, spinal cord trauma and traumatic brain injury due to motorcycle and car accidents are major causes of death and disability among young people below the mid-thirties. Although molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative diseases remain elusive, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, inflammation, misfolding, aggregation, and accumulation of proteins, perturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, and apoptosis have been implicated as possible causes of neurodegeneration in the above neurological disorders. In 2005, the global prevalence of neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative diseases was estimated at 35 million, with more than seven million new cases occurring each year. It is calculated that the number of people affected with neurotraumatic and neurodegenerative diseases will double every 20 years, to 100 million by 2040, if a cure is not discovered. More than 60% of dementia cases are due to Alzheimer disease